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Background  Lignocellulosic biomass is one of earth’s most abundant resources, and it has great potential for biofuel production because it is renewable and has carbon-neutral characteristics. Lignocellulose is mainly composed of carbohydrate polymers (cellulose and hemicellulose), which contain approximately 75 % fermentable sugars for biofuel fermentation. However, saccharification by cellulases is always the main bottleneck for commercialization. Compared with the enzyme systems of fungi, bacteria have evolved distinct systems to directly degrade lignocellulose. However, most reported bacterial saccharification is not efficient enough without help from additional β-glucosidases. Thus, to enhance the economic feasibility of using lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production, it will be extremely important to develop a novel bacterial saccharification system that does not require the addition of β-glucosidases.    Results  In this study, a new thermophilic bacterium named  Ruminiclostridium thermocellum  M3, which could directly saccharify lignocellulosic biomass, was isolated from horse manure. The results showed that  R. thermocellum  M3 can grow at 60 °C on a variety of carbon polymers, including microcrystalline cellulose, filter paper, and xylan. Upon utilization of these substrates,  R. thermocellum  M3 achieved an oligosaccharide yield of 481.5 ± 16.0 mg/g Avicel, and a cellular β-glucosidase activity of up to 0.38 U/mL, which is accompanied by a high proportion (approximately 97 %) of glucose during the saccharification.  R. thermocellum  M3 also showed potential in degrading natural lignocellulosic biomass, without additional pretreatment, to oligosaccharides, and the oligosaccharide yields using poplar sawdust, corn cobs, rice straw, and cornstalks were 52.7 ± 2.77, 77.8 ± 5.9, 89.4 ± 9.3, and 107.8 ± 5.88 mg/g, respectively.    Conclusions  The newly isolated strain  R. thermocellum  M3 degraded lignocellulose and accumulated oligosaccharides.  R. thermocellum  M3 saccharified lignocellulosic feedstock without the need to add β-glucosidases or control the pH, and the high proportion of glucose production distinguishes it from all other known monocultures of cellulolytic bacteria.  R. thermocellum  M3 is a potential candidate for lignocellulose saccharification, and it is a valuable choice for the refinement of bioproducts.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0585-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

biotechnology for biofuels

Lignocellulosic saccharification by a newly isolated bacterium, Ruminiclostridium thermocellum M3 and cellular cellulase activities for high ratio of glucose to cellobiose