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Background  The potential harmful effects of particle-contaminated infusions for critically ill adult patients are yet unclear. So far, only significant improved outcome in critically ill children and new-borns was demonstrated when using in-line filters, but for adult patients, evidence is still missing.    Methods  This single-centre, retrospective controlled cohort study assessed the effect of in-line filtration of intravenous fluids with finer 0.2 or 1.2 μm vs 5.0 μm filters in critically ill adult patients. From a total of  n  = 3215 adult patients,  n  = 3012 patients were selected by propensity score matching (adjusting for sex, age, and surgery group) and assigned to either a fine filter cohort (with 0.2/1.2 μm filters,  n  = 1506, time period from February 2013 to January 2014) or a control filter cohort (with 5.0 μm filters,  n  = 1506, time period from April 2014 to March 2015). The cohorts were compared regarding the occurrence of severe vasoplegia, organ dysfunctions (lung, kidney, and brain), inflammation, in-hospital complications (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, pneumonia, and sepsis), in-hospital mortality, and length of ICU and hospital stay.    Results  Comparing fine filter vs control filter cohort, respiratory dysfunction (Horowitz index 206 (119–290) vs 191 (104.75–280);  P  = 0.04), pneumonia (11.4% vs 14.4%;  P  = 0.02), sepsis (9.6% vs 12.2%;  P  = 0.03), interleukin-6 (471.5 (258.8–1062.8) ng/l vs 540.5 (284.5–1147.5) ng/l;  P  = 0.01), and length of ICU (1.2 (0.6–4.9) vs 1.7 (0.8–6.9) days;  P  <  0.01) and hospital stay (14.0 (9.2–22.2) vs 14.8 (10.0–26.8) days;  P  = 0.01) were reduced. Rate of severe vasoplegia (21.0% vs 19.6%;  P  > 0.20) and acute kidney injury (11.8% vs 13.7%;  P  = 0.11) was not significantly different between the cohorts.    Conclusions  In-line filtration with finer 0.2 and 1.2 μm filters may be associated with less organ dysfunction and less inflammation in critically ill adult patients.    Trial registration  The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (number:  NCT02281604 ).

In-line filtration of intravenous infusion may reduce organ dysfunction of adult critical patients