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Background   Polyomavirus hominis1 , also called  BK virus  ( BKV ) is a well-known etiological agent of renal transplant nephropathy and cystitis. Recently, it got great attention from the researcher as a principal predisposing factor for different kinds of cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, this study aims to determine the correlation between  BKV  infection and PCa through a descriptive case-control based study.    Methods  A total of 55 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients with PCa and another 55 tissue blocks from BPH patients were obtained. In parallel, respective urine samples were collected from all the cases and controls. The existence of  BKV  large T antigen (LTAg) was analyzed by Direct Immunofluorescence assay. Only  BKV  LTAg positive specimens were further analyzed for the presence of viral DNA by using a conventional PCR then subjected to viral load quantitation by using Q-PCR.    Result   BKV  LTAg was identified in 30% (17/55) of cases tissue specimens and only in 7% (4/55) of the controls tissue specimens with  P- value 0.002 and Odd ratio 5.7. The conventional PCR detects the  BKV  DNA in 16 out of 17 cases specimens while only two out of four controls specimens were identified with a viral DNA. The mean of the  BKV  DNA load was higher significantly among cases 6733 ± 6745 copies/ml when compared to controls 509.0 ± 792.9 copies/m with a  p -value of 0.002.    Conclusion  More  BKV  prevalence with high viral load was observed in PCa patients tissue compared to BPH specimens. PCa Gleason scores 9 and 7 were the most cancer grades identified with the presence of  BKV  DNA. Our findings are thus consistent with a significant link between the  BKV  infection and the PCa risk. Prostate or seminal fluids should be selected as principal specimens for future studies and can, therefore, be designated as screening samples to find early virus evidence in the prostate tissue. Detection of early virus evidence may help to reduce the risk of PCa cancer due to  BKV.

infectious agents and cancer

A correlation study of BK Polyoma Virus infection and prostate Cancer among Sudanese patients - immunofluorescence and molecular based case-control study