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Background  The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could increase the risk of depression. However, epidemiological data on outbreak-associated depressive morbidity of female adolescents are not available. This study determines the incidence and correlates of depression among female adolescents aged 11–18 years during the COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China.    Methods  A large cross-sectional sample, nationwide online survey was conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the correlative factors of depression were analyzed.    Results  In this study, 4805 female adolescents were enrolled with a median (range) age of 15 (11–18) years. Of them, 1899 (39.5%) suffered from depression with a CES-D score of > 15. The onset of depression was significantly related to age, grade, distant learning, attitude toward COVID-19, sleep duration, and physical exercise duration. Furthermore, participants aged 15–18 years (OR = 1.755, 95% CI: 1.550–1.987,  p  < 0.001), participating in distant learning (OR = 0.710, 95% CI: 0.564–0.894,  p  = 0.004), concerned about COVID-19 (OR = 0.414, 95% CI: 0.212–0.811,  p  = 0.010), with sleep duration/day of < 6 h (OR = 2.603, 95% CI: 1.946–3.483,  p  < 0.001),and with physical exercise duration/day < 30 min (OR = 1.641, 95% CI: 1.455–1.850,  p  < 0.001) represented to be independent factors for suffering from depression.    Conclusion  During the COVID-19 outbreak, depression was common among female adolescents. Older age, distant learning, concern about COVID-19, short sleep duration, and physical exercise duration represented the independent factors for suffering from depression.

Prevalence of depression and its correlative factors among female adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak