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Background  Goatpox virus (GTPV) and sheeppox virus (SPPV), which belong to the  Capripoxvirus  (CaPV), are economically important pathogens of small ruminants. Therefore, a sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic assay for detection of GTPV and SPPV is necessary to accurately and promptly control these diseases.    Methods  Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays combined with a real-time fluorescent detection (real-time RPA assay) and lateral flow dipstick (RPA LFD assay) were developed targeting the CaPV G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene, respectively.    Results  The sensitivity of both CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were 3 × 10 2  copies per reaction within 20 min at 38 °C. Both assays were highly specific for CaPV, with no cross-reactions with peste des petits ruminants virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and Orf virus. The evaluation of the performance of these two assays with clinical sample ( n  = 107) showed that the CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were able to specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples of ovine in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, skin and blood.    Conclusions  This study provided a highly time-efficient and simple alternative for rapid detection of GTPV and SPPV.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0792-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Development of real-time and lateral flow dipstick recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid detection of goatpox virus and sheeppox virus