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Background   Aedes aegypti  is a competent arthropod vector of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The rate at which the virus disseminate in the vector is limited by temperature of their environment which can be an important determinant of geographical and seasonal limits to transmission by the arthropods in the tropics. This study investigated the vector competence of  Ae. aegypti  for CHIKV at ambient temperature of 32 and 26 °C (Coastal and Western Kenya respectively) reared at Extrinsic Incubation Temperature (EIT) of 32 and 26 °C that resembles those in the two regions.    Methods   Ae. aegypti  eggs were collected from coastal and Western Kenya, hatched in the insectary and reared to F 1  generation. Four-day old mosquitoes were exposed to CHIKV through a membrane feeding. They were then incubated in temperatures mimicking the mean annual temperatures for Trans-Nzoia (26 °C) and Lamu (32 °C). After every 7, 10 and 13 days post infection (DPI); one third of exposed mosquitoes were sampled and assayed for virus infection and dissemination.    Results  The midgut infection rates (MIR) of  Ae. aegypti  sampled from Coastal Region was significantly ( p  < 0.05) higher than those sampled from Western Kenya, with no statistical differences observed for the coastal  Ae. aegypti  at EIT 26 and at 32 °C. The MIR of  Ae. aegypti  from the Western Region was significantly ( p  < 0.05) affected by the EIT, with mosquito reared at EIT 32 °C exhibiting higher MIR than those reared at EIT 26 °C. There was a significant ( p  < 0.05) interactive effects of the region, EIT and DPI on MIR. The disseminated infection rates for the CHIKV in  Ae. aegypti  in the legs (DIR-L) was higher in mosquitoes sampled from Coast regardless of the EIT while those from Western Kenya, dissemination rates were significantly higher at higher EIT of 32 °C.    Conclusions  Vector competence was higher in mosquito populations reared under high temperatures which weakens the midgut infection barrier. Hence, suggesting Lamu population is more susceptible to CHIKV therefore having a weaker mid gut infection barrier than the Trans Nzoia population. These underscores importance of examining the course of infection at various ambient temperatures and EIT between regions mosquito populations.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0566-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

virology journal

Vector competence of Aedes aegypti in transmitting Chikungunya virus: effects and implications of extrinsic incubation temperature on dissemination and infection rates