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Background  To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of  Lactobacillus sakei  in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in human immune cells.    Methods  We evaluated whether  L. sakei  reduced the severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and modulated interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10 levels, as well as whether it affected the differentiation of CD4 +  T cells and regulatory B cells. We evaluated osteoclastogenesis after culturing bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells with  L. sakei.Results  The differentiation of T helper 17 cells and the serum level of IL-17 were suppressed by  L. sakei  in both human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mouse splenocytes. The serum level of IL-10 was significantly increased in the  L. sakei -treated group, whereas the regulatory T cell population was unchanged. The population of regulatory B cells significantly increased the in  L. sakei -treated group. Oral administration of  L. sakei  reduced the arthritis incidence and score in mice with CIA. Finally, osteoclastogenesis and the mRNA levels of osteoclast-related genes were suppressed in the  L. sakei -treated group.    Conclusion   L. sakei  exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in an animal model of RA, regulated Th17 and regulatory B cell differentiation, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis. Our findings suggest that  L. sakei  has therapeutic potential for RA.

Lactobacillus sakei suppresses collagen-induced arthritis and modulates the differentiation of T helper 17 cells and regulatory B cells