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Background   Trueperella pyogenes  is a commensal and opportunistic pathogen that normally causes mastitis, liver abscesses and pneumonia of economically important livestock. To develop efficacious and potent vaccine against  T. pyogenes , chimeric gene DNA vaccines were constructed and encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs).    Results  The pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs consists of the  plo ,  cbpA ,  fimA , and  nanH  gene of  T. pyogenes  and CpG ODN1826. It was produced with good morphology, high stability, a mean diameter of 93.58 nm, and a zeta potential of + 5.27 mV. Additionally, chitosan encapsulation was confirmed to protect the DNA plasmid from DNase I digestion. The immunofluorescence assay indicated that the four-chimeric gene could synchronously express in HEK293T cells and maintain good bioactivity. Compared to the mice immunized with the control plasmid, in vivo immunization showed that mice immunized with the pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs had better immune responses, and release of the plasmid DNA was prolonged. Importantly, immunization with pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs could significantly protect mice from highly virulent  T. pyogenes  TP7 infection.    Conclusions  This study indicates that chitosan-DNA nanoparticles are potent immunization candidates against  T. pyogenes  infection and provides strategies for the further development of novel vaccines encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0337-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Chitosan-DNA nanoparticles enhanced the immunogenicity of multivalent DNA vaccination on mice against Trueperella pyogenes infection