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Background  Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) participates in lipoprotein metabolism and immune regulation. This study assessed association between  ApoE  polymorphisms with hyperuricemia and uric acid metabolism in Uygur men, Xinjiang, China.    Methods  A total of 474 hyperuricemia patients and 518 healthy male controls were recruited from the Health Screening Center, Uygur region of Xinjiang, China and subjected to ApoE genotyping using a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system PCR.    Results  Apolipoprotein  E3/3  genotype was the predominant type with a frequency of 67.7%, while  E2/2  was lower than  E4/4  in Uygur males. The frequencies of  ApoE2, E3,  and  E4  alleles were 8.5%, 80.1% and 11.4%, respectively. Distribution of ApoE genotypes was significantly different in hyperuricemia patients from the healthy controls ( p <  0.001). Particularly, the frequency of  ApoE E3/3  was 71.7%,  E2/3  9.3%,  E3/4  9.3%,  E4/4  3.2%,  E2/4  2.3%, and  E2/2  0.2% in patients vs. 68.1%, 4.6%, 2.9%, 12%, 0.6%, and 4.6% in controls, respectively. Moreover, frequency of  ApoE  E2 allele was greater in the healthy controls than in patients ( p <  0.001) and the highest level of uric acid occurred in those with  ApoE2/4  and  E3/4  genotypes, whereas the lowest uric acid level occurred in those with  ApoE E2/2  genotype. In addition, the subjects with the ApoE2 allele had a lower uric acid and LDL-C level than those with the ApoE3 allele and ApoE4 allele (p < 0.05). The risk of developing hyperuricemia in subjects without the ApoE2 allele was 1.7 fold higher than those subjects with the ApoE2 allele.    Conclusions  This study revealed frequencies and distributions of  ApoE  alleles and genotypes in Uygur males, which are different from Han Chinese.  ApoE  E4 was associated with a slightly higher risk of primary hyperuricemia, whereas  ApoE  E2 was associated with reduced risk of primary hyperuricemia and LDL-C level.

Association of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms with risk of primary hyperuricemia in Uygur men, Xinjiang, China