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Background The evolution of malaria infection has necessitated the development of highly sensitive diagnostic assays, as well as the use of dried blood spots (DBS) as a potential source of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) yield for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. This study identified the different  Plasmodium  species in malaria-positive patients, and the anti-malarial drug resistance profile for  Plasmodium falciparum  using DBS samples collected from patients attending Kisoro Hospital in Kisoro district, Southwestern Uganda. Methods The blood samples were prospectively collected from patients diagnosed with malaria to make DBS, which were then used to extract DNA for real-time PCR and high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis.  Plasmodium  species were identified by comparing the control and test samples using HRM-PCR derivative curves.  Plasmodium falciparum  chloroquine (CQ) resistance transporter ( pfcrt ) and  kelch13  to screen the samples for anti-malarial resistance markers. The HRM-PCR derivative curve was used to present a summary distribution of the different  Plasmodium species  as well as the anti-malarial drug profile. Results Of the 152 participants sampled, 98 (64.5%) were females. The average age of the participants was 34.9 years (range: 2 months–81 years). There were 134 samples that showed PCR amplification, confirming the species as  Plasmodium .  Plasmodium falciparum  (N = 122),  Plasmodium malariae  (N = 6),  Plasmodium ovale  (N = 4), and  Plasmodium vivax  (N = 2) were the various  Plasmodium  species and their proportions. The results showed that 87 (71.3%) of the samples were sensitive strains/wild type (CVMNK), 4 (3.3%) were resistant haplotypes (SVMNT), and 31 (25.4%) were resistant haplotypes (CVIET). Kelch13 C580Y mutation was not detected. Conclusion The community served by Kisoro hospital has a high  Plasmodium  species burden, according to this study.  Plasmodium falciparum  was the dominant species, and it has shown that resistance to chloroquine is decreasing in the region. Based on this, molecular identification of  Plasmodium  species is critical for better clinical management. Besides, DBS is an appropriate medium for DNA preservation and storage for future epidemiological studies.

malaria journal

Molecular identification and anti-malarial drug resistance profile of Plasmodium falciparum from patients attending Kisoro Hospital, southwestern Uganda