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Background  The main goal of this study was to assess the blood feeding behaviour and the contribution  Anopheles coluzzii  and  Anopheles gambiae , 2 sibling species of  An. gambiae  sensu stricto. present and living in sympatry in 2 regions of northern Benin targeted for indoor residual spraying (IRS).    Methods  The study was carried out in 6 districts of 2 regions of Benin (Alibori and Donga). Human landing catches (HLC) performed inside and outside of the households and pyrethrum spray captures (PSC) carried out in bedrooms were used to sample vector populations ( An. gambiae  and  An. coluzzii ). Collected mosquitoes were analysed to estimate the human biting rate indoors and outdoors, the circumsporozoite antigen positivity, and the anthropophagic index using ELISA methodology. Polymerase chain reaction was used to estimate the frequency of the knockdown resistance ( kdr ) L1014F and the  ace - 1  mutations, 2 markers associated respectively with pyrethroids and carbamate/organophosphate insecticide resistance.    Results  A higher blood feeding rate was observed in  An. gambiae  compared to  An. coluzzii  as well as, a non-pronounced outdoor biting behavior in both species. The latter showed similar anthropophagic and sporozoite rates. However the analysis indicates a seasonal difference in the contribution of each species to malaria transmission associated with shifts in resting behaviour.  Anopheles coluzzii  females accounted for most of the detected infections: 86% in Alibori and 79% in Donga, during the dry season  versus  14.4% and 21.2%, respectively for  An. gambiae  during the same period. This relationship was reversed in Donga during the rainy season (66% for  An. gambiae  against 34% for  An. coluzzii ). Results also indicated lower frequencies of  kdr  L1014F and  ace - 1  in  An. coluzzii versus An. gambiae.Conclusion  Despite similarity in some parameters related to malaria transmission in both surveyed species,  An. coluzzii  is potentially a more important malaria vector because of high density in the region. It is also characterized by lower frequencies of the  ace - 1  mutation than is  An. gambiae . The ongoing use of pirimiphos methyl (organophosphate) for IRS should continue to show a good impact in Alibori and Donga because of the very low level of the  ace - 1  mutation in both species.

malaria journal

Blood feeding behaviour comparison and contribution of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae, two sibling species living in sympatry, to malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga region, northern Benin, West Africa