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Background  The ability of some photosynthetic microorganisms, particularly cyanobacteria and microalgae, to produce hydrogen (H 2 ) is a promising alternative for renewable, clean-energy production. However, the most recent, related studies point out that much improvement is needed for sustainable cyanobacterial-based H 2  production to become economically viable. In this study, we investigated the impact of induced O 2 -consumption on H 2  photoproduction yields in the heterocyte-forming, N 2 -fixing cyanobacterium  Nostoc  PCC7120.    Results  The  flv3B  gene, encoding a flavodiiron protein naturally expressed in  Nostoc  heterocytes, was overexpressed. Under aerobic and phototrophic growth conditions, the recombinant strain displayed a significantly higher H 2  production than the wild type. Nitrogenase activity assays indicated that  flv3B  overexpression did not enhance the nitrogen fixation rates. Interestingly, the transcription of the  hox  genes, encoding the NiFe Hox hydrogenase, was significantly elevated, as shown by the quantitative RT-PCR analyses.    Conclusion  We conclude that the overproduced Flv3B protein might have enhanced O 2 -consumption, thus creating conditions inducing  hox  genes and facilitating H 2  production. The present study clearly demonstrates the potential to use metabolic engineered cyanobacteria for photosynthesis driven H 2  production.

Overproduction of the Flv3B flavodiiron, enhances the photobiological hydrogen production by the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7120