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Background  Livestock play an important role as reservoir of enteric pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a health and economic concern worldwide. However, little is known regarding the transmission and maintenance of these pathogens at the wildlife-livestock interface. In this study, we assessed the occurrence, genetic diversity and AMR of  Campylobacter  spp. and  Salmonella  spp. shed by sympatric free-ranging livestock and a wild herbivore in an alpine ecosystem.    Results   Campylobacter  spp. was isolated from 23.3 % of cattle and 7.7 % of sheep but was not isolated from horses nor Pyrenean chamois ( Rupicapra pyrenaica ).  Campylobacter jejuni  was the most frequent species. A high genetic diversity and certain host specificity of  C. jejuni  isolates was observed. The main AMR detected in  Campylobacter  isolates was to nalidixic acid (88.2 %), ciprofloxacin (82.4 %) and tetracycline (82.4 %); only 11.7 % of the isolates were pan-susceptible and 17.6 % were multi-resistant.  Salmonella  ser. Newport was isolated only from one Pyrenean chamois and was pan-susceptible.    Conclusions  Results show that free-ranging cattle and sheep are spreaders of  Campylobacter  as well as their AMR strains in the alpine environment. Therefore, contaminated alpine pastures or streams may constitute a source for the dissemination of AMR enteropathogens. However, apparently, alpine wild ungulates such as Pyrenean chamois play a negligible role in the epidemiology of zoonotic enteropathogens and AMR, and are not potential bioindicators of the burden of alpine environments.

Assessing the role of livestock and sympatric wild ruminants in spreading antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter and Salmonella in alpine ecosystems