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Background  Although salmonellosis is considered one of the most important food-borne zoonotic diseases in Europe, close contact between dogs and their owners can also be a potential source of  Salmonella  spp. for humans. This study assessed the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of  Salmonella  spp. in apparently healthy dogs in the Valencian Region, eastern Spain. Moreover, a macroscopic comparison of lactic acid bacteria in both  Salmonella -positive and  Salmonella -negative dogs was carried out.    Results  Of a total of 325 dogs sampled, 6 (1.85%) were positive for  Salmonella  spp. with 3 different serotypes, Havana (3), Mikawasima (2) and monophasic Typhimurium (1). All isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested except monophasic  S.  Typhimurium, which was resistant to ampicillin. Finally, macroscopic results revealed that lactic acid bacteria had higher heterogeneity in the  Salmonella -negative dogs than in the  Salmonella -positive dogs. Although the results in our study showed a low prevalence of  Salmonella  spp., raw food has been suggested as a risk factor for bacteria in dog faeces.    Conclusions  Public awareness campaigns on good hygiene practices, especially after handling canine faeces or raw food, are necessary. Furthermore, to reduce the potential transmission of bacteria, dogs should be fed food that has been properly cooked, as raw or undercooked food can be a source of zoonotic pathogens. Moreover, further studies must be performed to determine the relationship between lactic acid bacteria and  Salmonella  spp. in dog faeces.

Dogs as a source of Salmonella spp. in apparently healthy dogs in the Valencia Region. Could it be related with intestinal lactic acid bacteria?