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Background   Enterocytozoon bieneusi , a zoonotic pathogen, has the potential to infect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. It is found in large number of animals; however, not much is known regarding its prevalence in equine animals, particularly donkeys. This is the first molecular epidemiological evaluation of  E. bieneusi  in 178 free-ranging donkeys from five countrysides; and 502 farmed donkeys from 18 farms in 12 cities of Xinjiang, China by Nested PCR.    Results   E. bieneusi  was detected in 2.5% (17/680) donkeys, with 2.6% (13/502) in farmed and 2.2% (4/178) in free-ranging ones. Sequence analysis identified eight ITS genotypes, all belonging to zoonotic Groups 1 or 2, including six known genotypes: horse1 ( n  = 5), D ( n  = 3), NCD-2 ( n  = 3), BEB6 ( n  = 2), BEB4 ( n  = 1), and NIAI ( n  = 1); and two new genotypes: XJD1 ( n  = 1) and XJD2 ( n  = 1).    Conclusions  This is the first report confirming the presence of  E. bieneusi  in donkeys in Xinjiang, China, and indicates the possibility of zoonotic transmission of this pathogenic parasite.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi in donkeys from Xinjiang, China: prevalence, molecular characterization and the assessment of zoonotic risk