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Background  In Ethiopian folk medicine, there is a claim that medicinal plants can treat urolithiasis although there is insufficient scientific evidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the curative efficacy of  Gomphocarpus fruticosus  extracts in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic rats.    Methods  Urolithiasis was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. The curative effects were evaluated after oral administrations of 200 mg/kg of the extracts from 15 to 28 days. Urine samples were collected 1 day before sacrificing the rats. Blood, liver and kidney samples were gathered under anaesthetic condition at day 28. Crystals in the urine were also analyzed by light microscopy.    Results   G. fruticosus  EtOAc extract reduced significantly the level of sodium ( P  < 0.001), whereas it was significantly elevated the levels of magnesium and citrate ( P  < 0.01) compared to lithiatic control.  G. fruticosus  BuOH extract lowered the levels of potassium ( P  < 0.01), calcium and phosphate in urolithiatic rats. It was also observed that  G. fruticosus  EtOAc extract decreased the level of oxalate in the urine ( P  < 0.001), whereas it was increased the levels of magnesium ( P  < 0.05) and citrate ( P  < 0.01) in serum analysis after exposure to BuOH extract. In the kidneys, CaOx crystal deposits were reduced significantly by  G. fruticosus  EtOAc extract ( P  < 0.01).    Conclusion  It has been noted that  G. fruticosus  EtOAc extract was potent in treating urolithiasis. However, further study is required to assess the efficacy of the active compounds against urolithiasis.

Evaluations of the curative efficacy of G. fruticosus solvent extracts in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic Wistar male rats