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Background   Libidibia ferrea  ( L. ferrea)  has been used in folk medicine to treat several conditions and to prevent cancer. This study performed a chromatographic analysis of the crude aqueous extract of  Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex. Tul.) L.P. Queiroz  (LfAE) leaves and evaluated its in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.    Methods  Polyphenols present in LfAE were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Anti-inflammatory activity was studied in an experimental model of zymosan-induced intra-articular inflammation, conducted in Wistar rats treated with LfAE at the doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg by gavage. Synovial fluid was collected for global leukocyte count, for spectrocopical UV/VIS analysis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, total glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA), and for quantification of inflammatory cytokines IL1-β and TNF-α by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Synovial membrane was collected for histological analysis. The level of statistical significance was  p  < 0.05.    Results  HPLC detected concentrations of 1.56 (0.77) %m/m for ellagic acid and 1.20 (1.38) %m/m for gallic acid in LfAE leaves. Treatment with LfAE at all doses significantly decreased the leukocyte influx into the synovial fluid ( p  < 0.001) and myeloperoxidase activity ( p  < 0.001), an important marker of neutrophils. LfAE at doses of 100 ( p  < 0.05), 200 and 300 mg/kg ( p  < 0.001) also reduced the levels of MDA. LfAE at doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β ( p  < 0.05) and TNF-α ( p  < 0.001). All doses of LfAE resulted in increased levels of total glutathione ( p  < 0.001). Histopathological findings confirmed a reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate in the rats treated with LfAE at a dose of 200 mg/kg ( p  < 0.05).    Conclusion  LfAE has an important anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect on intra-articular inflammation.

Crude extract from Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex. Tul.) L.P. Queiroz leaves decreased intra articular inflammation induced by zymosan in rats