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Background  To research the first-order features of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in maxillofacial malignant mesenchymal tumours.    Methods  The clinical data of 12 patients with rare malignant mesenchymal tumours of the maxillofacial region (6 cases of sarcoma and 6 cases of lymphoma) treated in the hospital from May 2018 to June 2020 and were confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were all examined by 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging. PyRadiomics were used to extract radiomics imaging first-order features. Group differences in quantitative variables were examined using independent-samples t-tests.    Results  The voxels number of ADC mean  and ADC median  of sarcoma tissues were 44.9124 and 44.2064, respectively, significantly higher than those in lymphoma tissues (ADC mean  (− 68.8379) and ADC median  (− 74.0045)), the difference considered statistically significant, so do the ADC kurt  and ADC skew .    Conclusions  The statistical difference of ADC mean  and ADC median  is significant, it is consistent with the outcome of the manual measurement of the ADC mean value of the most significant cross-section of twelve cases of lymphoma. Development of tumour volume based on the ADC parameter map of DWI demonstrates that the first-order ADC radiomics features analysis can provide new imaging markers for the differentiation of maxillofacial sarcoma and lymphoma. Therefore, first-order ADC features of ADC kurt  combined ADC skew  may improve the diagnosis level.

Application of first-order feature analysis of DWI-ADC in rare malignant mesenchymal tumours of the maxillofacial region