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Background  The long-term association between physical activity and endothelial function has not previously been investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and endothelial function, assessed by peripheral arterial tonometry, in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls after 5 years of follow-up.    Methods  We included 51 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 53 sex- and age matched controls. Participants underwent baseline clinical characterization including objective measurement of physical activity level using accelerometery. After 5 years of follow-up, participants were re-examined, and endothelial function was assessed as natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia index (lnRHI).    Results  Physical activity at baseline was associated with lnRHI after 5 years of follow-up in both patients with type 2 diabetes and controls. An increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) in daytime physical activity corresponded to a 6.7 % increase in RHI (95 % confidence interval: 1.1;12.5 %,  p  = 0.02). We found no difference in lnRHI between patients with diabetes and controls (0.67 ± 0.29 vs. 0.73 ± 0.31,  p  = 0.28).    Conclusions  Daytime physical activity is associated with endothelial function after 5 years of follow-up in patients with type 2 diabetes and controls.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12902-021-00857-9.

Low physical activity is associated with impaired endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and controls after 5 years of follow-up