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Background  Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-associated deaths and a majority of its histological type is manifested as serous ovarian cancer (SOC). In this study, we investigated whether the timing of onset of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is related to chemotherapeutic response and disease outcome of SOC.    Methods  One hundred sixty-nine primary SOC patients receiving six doses of carboplatin plus paclitaxel adjuvant chemotherapy following cytoreductive surgery were retrospectively included in this research. CIN was grouped as early onset and late onset neutropenia depending on the timing of development. Development of CIN prior to or with administration of 3rd cycle of chemotherapy was listed as early onset neutropenia, while those CIN due to later stage chemotherapy were grouped into non-early type. The relevance of time of CIN onset with the clinical characteristics, chemotherapeutic response, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined and analyzed by using Kaplan–Meier curves, Logistic regression method, Cox proportional hazards models, and Chi-square tests.    Results  The age distribution of the patients was between 27 to 77 years. Fifty years was the median. No statistical significances of difference in age, FIGO stage, histological grade, tumor residual and lymph node invasion, as well as CA125 level in each CIN group were found (all  P &gt;0.05). The patients from non-early onset group showed higher chemoresistance rates (78.33%) compared to those from early onset group (9.17%). Additionally, patients in early onset group showed improved median PFS (23 vs. 9 months;  P &lt;0.001) and median OS (55 vs.24 months;  P &lt;0.001).    Conclusions  Early onset neutropenia may be potentially used as a potential indicator for chemosensitivity and favorable prognosis of SOC in patients who underwent six cycles of carboplatin plus paclitaxel adjuvant chemotherapy following primary cytoreductive surgery.

Early onset neutropenia: a useful predictor of chemosensitivity and favorable prognosis in patients with serous ovarian cancer