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Background  The  IFI27  interferon gene expression has been found to be largely increased in rotavirus (RV)-infected patients.  IFI27  gene encodes for a protein of unknown function, very recently linked to epidermal proliferation and related to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) protein. The EGF is a low-molecular-weight polypeptide that is mainly produced by submandibular and parotid glands, and it plays an important physiological role in the maintenance of oro-esophageal and gastric tissue integrity.  Our aim was to determine salivary EGF levels in RV-infected patients in order to establish its potential relationship with  IFI27  increased expression and EGF-mediated mucosal protection in RV infection.    Methods  We conducted a prospective comparative study using saliva samples from 27 infants infected with RV (sampled at recruitment during hospital admission and at convalescence, i.e. at least 3 months after recovery) and from 36 healthy control children.    Results  Median (SD) EGF salivary concentration was 777 (529) pg/ml in RV-infected group at acute phase and 356 (242) pg/m at convalescence, while it was 337 (119) pg/ml in the healthy control group. A significant association was found between EGF levels and hospitalization length of stay ( P -value = 0.022; r 2  = −0.63).    Conclusions  The salivary levels of EGF are significantly increased during the acute phase of natural RV infection, and relate to length of hospitalization. Further assessment of this non-invasive biomarker in RV disease is warranted.

Salivary epidermal growth factor correlates with hospitalization length in rotavirus infection