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Background Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from neuroendocrine cells and are extremely rare in the biliary tract. Currently, there are no guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary NETs. We presented a case with NETs G1 of the hilar bile duct and the challenges for her treatment. Case presentation A 24-year-old woman was presented to our department with painless jaundice and pruritus, and the preoperative diagnosis was Bismuth type II hilar cholangiocarcinoma. She underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with excision of the extrahepatic biliary tree and radical lymphadenectomy. Unexpectedly, postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical examination indicated a perihilar bile duct NETs G1 with the microscopic invasion of the resected right hepatic duct. Then the patient received 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (Gemcitabine and tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium capsule). At present, this patient has been following up for 24 months without recurrence or disease progression. Conclusion We know little of biliary NETs because of its rarity. There are currently no guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary NETs. We reported a case of perihilar bile duct NETs G1 with R1 resection, as far as we know this is the first report. More information about biliary NETs should be registered.

Challenges in treatment of a patient suffering from neuroendocrine tumor G1 of the hilar bile duct: a case report