English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  It is not clear why some patients with coeliac disease (CD) present with severe symptoms and small intestinal mucosal damages while others present with milder symptoms and no frank enteropathy. There is no study to assess the associated factors with mild/severe symptoms and enteropathy. The terminologies like latent, silent and potential are difficult to use and are unrepresentative. In the present study we describe coeliac disease’s phenotypes based on HLA haplotypes, IL8 production and past infection with  Toxoplasma gondii  ( T. gondii ) infection .Methods  In this case-control study, sera originating from 150 healthy subjects and 150 patients diagnosed with CD during the years 2013–14 were analyzed for the presence of antibodies specific  T. gondii  of the IgG and IgM subclasses. The level of IL8 were measured and HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 alleles were genotyped. The correlation between these parameters and the damages in intestinal mucosal were assessed using an accepted histopathological classification.    Results  High levels of IgG antibodies against  T. gondii  were found in the sera of control group compared to the CD group (52.6% vs. 39.4%,  P  = 0.02). Mean serum levels of IL8 was significantly higher in CD patients compared with control ( P  ≤ 0.05). By comparing the level of anti-  T. gondii  IgG and mucosal damage in celiac disease, we found a significant relationship between the severity of mucosal damages and anti-  T. gondii  IgG level ( P  = 0.02). No correlation was detected between  Toxoplasma gondii  infection and types of HLA ( P  > 0.05). However, patients with severely abnormal histology carried HLA-DQ2 risk alleles (92 patients (61%)) more often than the controls and those with mild histological abnormalities.    Conclusions  CD patients with severe histological changes had more often  Toxoplasma gondii  infection than those affected with mild histological features. This suggests that CD’s phenotypes are correlated to additional factors like infections and to particular HLA DQ2 alleles that may need additional investigations and potentially will require additional treatment.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12876-018-0796-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Contributions of HLA haplotypes, IL8 level and Toxoplasma gondii infection in defining celiac disease's phenotypes