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Background  Patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection have high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Genome-wide association study data has showed that several genetic variants within vitamin D cascade affect vitamin D function. This study aimed to determine whether genetic polymorphisms of genes in the vitamin D pathway are associated with treatment responses to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-based therapy in patients with chronic HCV infection.    Methods  The study included 623 Thai patients from 2 university hospitals diagnosed with chronic HCV infection who were treated with a PEG-IFN and ribavirin. Patients were genotyped for functional variants on vitamin D synthetic pathway including  GC  (rs4588, rs7041, rs22020, rs2282679) , CYP2R1  (rs2060793, rs12794714),  CYP27B1  (rs10877012), and  DHCR7  (rs12785878). Pre-treatment predictors of sustained virologic response (SVR) at 24 weeks following discontinuation of therapy were identified using a logistic regression analysis.    Results  SVR was achieved by 60.5% of patients (52.9% with HCV genotype 1; 66.7% with HCV non-genotype 1). In 44.6% of HCV genotype 1-infected patients, only the variant rs12785878 in the  DHCR7  locus was significantly associated with an SVR. HCV genotype 1 patients who had  DHCR7  rs12785878 GT/TT had a higher rate of SVR than those with the GG allele (59.7% vs. 43.4%,  P  = 0.03), but in HCV non-genotype 1-infected patients, the SVR rate did not differ between the two groups (63.3% and 59.1% for GT/TT and GG allele,  P  = 0.54). By multivariate analysis, liver fibrosis stage 0–1 (OR = 5.00; 95% CI, 2.02–12.37;  P  < 0.001), and  DHCR7  rs12785878 GT/TT allele (OR = 2.69; 95% CI, 1.03–7.05;  P  = 0.04) were independent pre-treatment predictors of SVR following PEG-IFN-based therapy in HCV genotype 1 patients. Baseline HCV RNA < 400,000 IU/ml (OR = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.13–3.39;  P  = 0.02) was the only independent predictor of SVR in HCV non-genotype 1 patients. The polymorphisms of  GC ,  CYP2R1  and  CYP27B1  were not associated with treatment outcome even in genotype 1 or non-genotype 1 HCV infection.    Conclusion  The  DHCR7  polymorphism may be a pre-treatment predictive marker for response to PEG-IFN-based therapy in chronic HCV genotype 1 infection.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-017-0613-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Vitamin D-related gene polymorphism predict treatment response to pegylated interferon-based therapy in Thai chronic hepatitis C patients