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Background  Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) shares the same microcirculation with coronary arteries through coronary arteries branches, and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the formation of atherosclerosis. However, the alteration of miRNA profile in EAT during atherosclerosis is still uncovered.    Methods  The miRNA expression profiles of EAT from non-coronary atherosclerosis disease (CON, n = 3) and coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD, n = 5) patients was performed to detect the differentially expressed miRNA. Then the expression levels of miRNA in other CON (n = 5) and CAD (n = 16) samples were confirmed by realtime-PCR. miR-200b-3p mimic was used to overexpress the miRNA in HUVECs. The apoptosis of HUVECs cells was induced by H 2 O 2  and ox-LDL, and detected by Annexin V/PI Staining, Caspase 3/7 activity and the expression of BCL-2 and BAX.    Results  250 miRNAs were differentially expressed in EAT from CAD patients, which were associated with metabolism, extracellular matrix and inflammation process. Among the top 20 up-regulated miRNAs, the expression levels of miR-200 family members (hsa-miR-200b/c-3p, miR-141-3p and miR-429), which were rich in endothelial cells, were increased in EAT from CAD patients significantly. Upregulation of miR-200 family members was dependent on the oxidative stress. The overexpression of miR-200b-3p could promote endothelial cells apoptosis under oxidative stress by targeting HDAC4 inhibition.    Conclusions  Our study suggests that EAT derived miR-200b-3p promoted oxidative stress induced endothelial cells damage by targeting HDAC4, which may provide a new and promising therapeutic target for AS.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-01980-0.

MicroRNA-200b-3p promotes endothelial cell apoptosis by targeting HDAC4 in atherosclerosis