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Background  Expansins ( EXPs ), a group of proteins that loosen plant cell walls and cellulosic materials, are involved in regulating cell growth and diverse developmental processes in plants. However, the biological functions of this gene family in cotton are still unknown.    Results  In this paper, we identified a total of 93  expansin  genes in  Gossypium hirsutum . These genes were classified into four subfamilies, including 67  GhEXPAs , 8  GhEXPBs , 6  GhEXLAs , and 12  GhEXLBs , and divided into 15 subgroups. The 93  expansin  genes are distributed over 24 chromosomes, excluding Ghir_A02 and Ghir_D06. All  GhEXP  genes contain multiple exons, and each GhEXP protein has multiple conserved motifs. Transcript profiling and qPCR analysis revealed that the  expansin  genes have distinct expression patterns among different stages of cotton fibre development. Among them, 3 genes ( GhEXPA4o ,  GhEXPA1A , and  GhEXPA8h ) were highly expressed in the initiation stage, 9 genes ( GhEXPA4a ,  GhEXPA13a ,  GhEXPA4f ,  GhEXPA4q ,  GhEXPA8f ,  GhEXPA2 ,  GhEXPA8g ,  GhEXPA8a , and  GhEXPA4n ) had high expression during the fast elongation stage, and  GhEXLA1c  and  GhEXLA1f  were preferentially expressed in the transition stage of fibre development.    Conclusions  Our results provide a solid basis for further elucidation of the biological functions of  expansin  genes in relation to cotton fibre development and valuable genetic resources for future crop improvement.

Genome-wide identification of the expansin gene family reveals that expansin genes are involved in fibre cell growth in cotton