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Background  UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is a sugar-metabolizing enzyme (E.C. 2.7.7.9) that catalyzes a reversible reaction of UDP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and UTP. UDP-glucose is a key intermediate sugar that is channeled to multiple metabolic pathways. The functional role of  UGPase  in perennial woody plants is poorly understood.    Results  We characterized the functional role of a  UGPase  gene in  Populus deltoides, PdUGPase2 . Overexpression of the native gene resulted in increased leaf area and leaf-to-shoot biomass ratio but decreased shoot and root growth. Metabolomic analyses showed that manipulation of  PdUGPase2  results in perturbations in primary, as well as secondary metabolism, resulting in reduced sugar and starch levels and increased phenolics, such as caffeoyl and feruloyl conjugates. While cellulose and lignin levels in the cell walls were not significantly altered, the syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio was significantly reduced.    Conclusions  These results demonstrate that  PdUGPase2  plays a key role in the tightly coupled primary and secondary metabolic pathways and perturbation in its function results in pronounced effects on growth and metabolism beyond cell wall biosynthesis of  Populus .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0265-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Metabolic profiling reveals altered sugar and secondary metabolism in response to UGPase overexpression in Populus