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Background  Cadmium (Cd) is a severely toxic heavy metal to most microorganisms. Many bacteria have developed Cd 2+  resistance.    Results  In this study, we isolated two different Cd 2+  resistance  Bacillus  sp .  strains,  Bacillus vietamensis  151–6 and  Bacillus marisflavi  151–25, which could be grown in the presence of Cd 2+  at concentration up to 0.3 mM and 0.8 mM, respectively. According to the genomic sequencing, transcriptome analysis under cadmium stress, and other related experiments, a gene cluster in plasmid p25 was found to be a major contributor to Cd 2+  resistance in  B. marisflavi  151–25. The cluster in p25 contained  orf4802  and  orf4803  which encodes an ATPase transporter and a transcriptional regulator protein, respectively. Although 151–6 has much lower Cd 2+  resistance than 151–25, they contained similar gene cluster, but in different locations. A gene cluster on the chromosome containing  orf4111 ,  orf4112  and  orf4113 , which encodes an ATPase transporter, a cadmium efflux system accessory protein and a cadmium resistance protein, respectively, was found to play a major role on the Cd 2+  resistance for  B. vietamensis  151–6.    Conclusions  This work described cadmium resistance mechanisms in newly isolated  Bacillus vietamensis  151–6 and  Bacillus marisflavi  151–25. Based on homologies to the  cad  system (CadA-CadC) in  Staphylococcus aureus  and analysis of transcriptome under Cd 2+  induction, we inferred that the mechanisms of cadmium resistance in  B. marisflavi  151–25 was as same as the  cad  system in  S. aureus . Although  Bacillus vietamensis  151–6 also had the similar gene cluster to  B. marisflavi  151–25 and  S. aureus , its transcriptional regulatory mechanism of cadmium resistance was not same. This study explored the cadmium resistance mechanism for  B. vietamensis  151–6 and  B. marisflavi  151–25 and has expanded our understanding of the biological effects of cadmium.

bmc microbiology

An operon consisting of a P-type ATPase gene and a transcriptional regulator gene responsible for cadmium resistances in Bacillus vietamensis 151–6 and Bacillus marisflavi 151–25