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Background   Staphylococcus lugdunensis  is a coagulase-negative  Staphylococcus  part of the commensal skin flora but emerge as an important opportunistic pathogen. Because iron limitation is a crucial stress during infectious process, we performed phenotypic study and compared proteomic profiles of this species incubated in absence and in presence of the iron chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl (DIP).    Results  No modification of cell morphology nor cell wall thickness were observed in presence of DIP. However iron-limitation condition promoted biofilm formation and reduced the ability to cope with oxidative stress (1 mM H 2 O 2 ). In addition,  S. lugdunensis  N920143 cultured with DIP was significantly less virulent in the larvae of  Galleria mellonella  model of infection than that grown under standard conditions. We verified that these phenotypes were due to an iron limitation by complementation experiments with FeSO 4 . By mass spectrometry after trypsin digestion, we characterized the first iron-limitation stress proteome in  S. lugdunensis . Among 1426 proteins identified, 349 polypeptides were differentially expressed. 222 were more and 127 less abundant in  S. lugdunensis  incubated in iron-limitation condition, and by RT-qPCR, some of the corresponding genes have been shown to be transcriptionally regulated. Our data revealed that proteins involved in iron metabolism and carriers were over-expressed, as well as several ABC transporters and polypeptides linked to cell wall metabolism. Conversely, enzymes playing a role in the oxidative stress response (especially catalase) were repressed.    Conclusions  This phenotypic and global proteomic study allowed characterization of the response of  S. lugdunensis  to iron-limitation. We showed that iron-limitation promoted biofilm formation, but decrease the oxidative stress resistance that may, at least in part, explained the reduced virulence of  S. lugdunensis  observed under low iron condition.    Supplementary information   Supplementary information  accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12866-020-02016-x.

Phenotypic and proteomic approaches of the response to iron-limited condition in Staphylococcus lugdunensis