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Background  Hypervirulent  Klebsiella pneumoniae  (hvKP) is emerging around the Asian-Pacific region and it is the major cause of the community-acquired pyogenic liver abscesses. Multidrug-resistant hypervirulent  Klebsiella pneumoniae  (MDR-hvKP) isolates were reported in France, China and Taiwan. However, the international-ally agreed definition for hvKP and the virulence level of hvKP are not clear.    Results  In this study, 56 hvKP isolates were collected from March 2008 to June 2012 and investigated by string test, capsule serotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), virulence gene detection and serum resistance assay. Among the 56  K. pneumoniae  isolates, 64.3% had the hypermucoviscosity phenotype, meanwhile, 64.3% were the K1 serotype and 19.6% were the K2 serotype. Within the K1 serotype, 94.4% were ST23, and within the K2 serotype, ST65, ST86 and ST375 accounted for the same percentage 27.3%. The serum resistance showed statistically normal distribution. According to the 50% lethal dose of  Galleria. mellonella  infection model, hvKP isolates were divided into high virulence level group and moderate virulence level group. The ability of each method evaluating the virulence level of hvKP was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.    Conclusions  K1 ST23  K. pneumoniae  was the most prevalent clone of the hvKP. However, K1 ST23  K. pneumoniae  was the dominant clone in the moderate virulence level group. MLST was a relatively reliable evaluation method to discriminate the virulence level of hvKP in our study.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1236-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Diversity of virulence level phenotype of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae from different sequence type lineage