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Background   Yersinia pseudotuberculosis  is a zoonotic pathogen, causing mild gastrointestinal infection in humans. From this comparatively benign pathogenic species emerged the highly virulent plague bacillus,  Yersinia pestis , which has experienced significant genetic divergence in a relatively short time span. Much of our knowledge of  Yersinia spp.  evolution stems from genomic comparison and gene expression studies. Here we apply transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) to describe the essential gene set of  Y. pseudotuberculosis  IP32953 in optimised in vitro growth conditions, and contrast these with the published essential genes of  Y. pestis .    Results  The essential genes of an organism are the core genetic elements required for basic survival processes in a given growth condition, and are therefore attractive targets for antimicrobials. One such gene we identified is  yptb3665 , which encodes a peptide deformylase, and here we report for the first time, the sensitivity of  Y. pseudotuberculosis  to actinonin, a deformylase inhibitor. Comparison of the essential genes of  Y. pseudotuberculosis  with those of  Y. pestis  revealed the genes whose importance are shared by both species, as well as genes that were differentially required for growth. In particular, we find that the two species uniquely rely upon different iron acquisition and respiratory metabolic pathways under similar in vitro conditions.    Conclusions  The discovery of uniquely essential genes between the closely related  Yersinia spp.  represent some of the fundamental, species-defining points of divergence that arose during the evolution of  Y. pestis  from its ancestor. Furthermore, the shared essential genes represent ideal candidates for the development of novel antimicrobials against both species.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1189-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc microbiology

High-throughput analysis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis gene essentiality in optimised in vitro conditions, and implications for the speciation of Yersinia pestis