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Background  One of the foodborne pathogens is  Listeria monocytogenes , which causes serious invasive illness in elderly and immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, newborns and infants ranking second after salmonellosis because of its high case fatality rate. Listerial cow mastitis marked by abnormal milk, increased cell counts and reduced production has not been reported. Therefore, apparently healthy cows can be reservoirs of  L. monocytogenes . A number of 203 udder milk samples from apparently healthy animals (buffalo,  n  = 100; cow,  n  = 103) were collected and tested for  Listeria . Isolated colonies on the PALCAM agar were  Listeria  species confirmed according to their biochemical and the Christie–Atkins–Munch-Petersen (CAMP) reactions. The  Listeria  species pathogenicity of was tested by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, DL-alanine-β-naphthylamide HCl, Dalanine- p -nitroanilide tests, chick embryo, mice inoculation tests, Vero cell cytotoxicity and biofilm formation. The virulence-associated genes,  hly A,  plc B,  act A and  iap  associated with  Listeria  were molecularly assayed.    Results  The 17 isolated  Listeria  spp. represented a prevalence rate of 8.4 %. Of these 3 (1.4 %), 2 (1 %), 5 (2.5 %), 4 (2 %) and 3 (1.5 %) were confirmed as  L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. welshimeri ,  L. seelegeri , respectively. While the  L. monocytogenes  isolate displayed all the four virulence-associated genes,  L. seelegeri  carried the  hly A gene only. The  L. monocytogenes  had a strong in vitro affinity to form a biofilm, in particular serotype 4 which is associated with human infections.  L. monocytogenes  showed resistance for 9/27 antibiotics.    Conclusions  The biofilm forming capability of the  Listeria  spps. makes them particularly successful in colonizing surfaces within the host thus being responsible for persistence infections and due to their antimicrobial resistant phenotype that this structure confers. In addition, strains belonging to serotypes associated with human infections and characterized by pathogenic potential (serotype 4) are capable to persist within the processing plants forming biofilm and thus being a medical hazard.

Determination of virulence and antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm producing Listeria species isolated from retail raw milk