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Background   Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis  can be classified into two biovars or  biovars  based on their nitrate-reducing ability. Strains isolated from sheep and goats show negative nitrate reduction and are termed biovar Ovis, while strains from horse and cattle exhibit positive nitrate reduction and are called biovar Equi. However, molecular evidence has not been established so far to understand this difference, specifically if these  C. pseudotuberculosis  strains are under an evolutionary process.    Results  The ERIC 1 + 2 Minimum-spanning tree from 367 strains of  C. pseudotuberculosis  showed that the great majority of biovar Ovis strains clustered together, but separately from biovar Equi strains that also clustered amongst themselves. Using evolutionarily conserved genes ( rpoB, gapA, fusA, and rsmE ) and their corresponding amino acid sequences, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship among eighteen strains of  C. pseudotuberculosis  belonging to both biovars Ovis and Equi. Additionally, conserved point mutation based on structural variation analysis was also carried out to elucidate the genotype-phenotype correlations and speciation. We observed that the biovars are different at the molecular phylogenetic level and a probable anagenesis is occurring slowly within the species  C. pseudotuberculosis.Conclusions  Taken together the results suggest that biovar Equi is forming the biovar Ovis. However, additional analyses using other genes and other bacterial strains are required to further support our anagenesis hypothesis in  C. pseudotuberculosis .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0717-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc microbiology

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis may be under anagenesis and biovar Equi forms biovar Ovis: a phylogenic inference from sequence and structural analysis