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Background  The genus  Lactobacillus  belongs to a large heterogeneous group of low G + C Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria, which are frequently used as probiotics. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain and dose used. Strain variations may be related to diversity of the cell surface architecture of bacteria and the ability to express specific antigens or secrete compounds. The use of  Lactobacillus  as probiotic requires a comprehensive understanding of its effect on host immune system. To evaluate the potential immunoreactive properties of proteins isolated from four  Lactobacillus  strains:  L. johnsonii  142 and  L. johnsonii  151,  L. rhamnosus  LOCK 0900 and  L. casei  LOCK 0919, the polyclonal sera obtained from mouse and human have been tested as well as with sera from rabbits immunized with whole lactobacilli cells.    Results  The reactivity of isolated proteins detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting was heterogeneous and varied between different serum samples. The proteins with the highest immunoreactivity were isolated, purified and sequenced, in particular the fractions were identified as phosphoglycerate kinase ( L. johnsonii  142), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( L. johnosnii  142,  L. rhamnosus  LOCK 0900), hypothetic protein JDM1_1307 ( L. johnsonii  151) and fructose/tagatose-bisphosphate-aldolase ( L. casei  LOCK 0919).    Conclusion  The different prevalence of reactions against tested antigens in rabbit, mouse and human sera may indicate significant differences in immune system and commensal cross-talk in these groups. The identification of immunoreactive lactobacilli proteins opens the possibility to use them as an antigens for development of vaccines.

Identification of Lactobacillus proteins with different recognition patterns between immune rabbit sera and nonimmune mice or human sera