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Background   Campylobacter jejuni  is responsible for human foodborne enteritis. This bacterium is a remarkable colonizer of the chicken gut, with some strains outcompeting others for colonization. To better understand this phenomenon, the objective of this study was to extensively characterize the phenotypic performance of  C. jejuni  chicken strains and associate their gut colonizing ability with specific genes.    Results   C. jejuni  isolates ( n  = 45) previously analyzed for the presence of chicken colonization associated genes were further characterized for phenotypic properties influencing colonization: autoagglutination and chemotaxis as well as adhesion to and invasion of primary chicken caecal cells. This allowed strains to be ranked according to their  in vitro  performance. After their  in vitro  capacity to outcompete was demonstrated  in vivo , strains were then typed by comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF).  In vitro  phenotypical properties displayed a linear variability among the tested strains. Strains possessing higher scores for phenotypical properties were able to outcompete others during chicken colonization trials. When the gene content of strains was compared, some were associated with different phenotypical scores and thus with different outcompeting capacities. Use of CGF profiles showed an extensive genetic variability among the studied strains and suggested that the outcompeting capacity is not predictable by CGF profile.    Conclusion  This study revealed a wide array of phenotypes present in  C. jejuni  strains, even though they were all recovered from chicken caecum. Each strain was classified according to its  in vitro  competitive potential and its capacity to compete for chicken gut colonization was associated with specific genes. This study also exposed the disparity existing between genetic typing and phenotypical behavior of  C. jejuni  strains.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0433-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Extensive characterization of Campylobacter jejuni chicken isolates to uncover genes involved in the ability to compete for gut colonization