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Background  The HilA protein is the master regulator of the  Salmonella  pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). EilA and YgeH proteins show a moderate similarity to HilA and are encoded in pathogenicity islands from several  E. coli  strains, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic. In the present work we characterize the YgeH protein from the enteroaggregative  E. coli  strain 042 (locus tag EC042_3050).    Results  We show that both  E. coli  042 YgeH and EilA proteins are able to functionally replace HilA in  Salmonella . Interestingly, this is not the rule for all YgeH proteins: the YgeH protein from the enterohaemorragic  E. coli  strain O157 appears to be non-functional.  ygeH  expression is not influenced by growth osmolarity or temperature, and moderately increases in cells entering the stationary phase. H-NS represses  ygeH  expression under all growth conditions tested, and binds with specificity to the  ygeH  promoter region. As expected, expression of ETT2 ( Escherichia coli  type 3 secretion system 2) genes requires YgeH: ETT2 operons are downregulated in a  ygeH  mutant. Accordingly, since H-NS represses  ygeH  expression, ETT2 expression is significantly increased in an  hns  mutant.    Conclusion   E. coli  042 YgeH protein is functional and able to replace HilA in  Salmonella . ETT2 gene expression requires YgeH activity which, in turn, is subjected to H-NS silencing.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0268-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

HilA-like regulators in Escherichia coli pathotypes: the YgeH protein from the enteroaggregative strain 042