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Background  Many bacteria causing systemic invasive infections originate from the oral cavity by entering the bloodstream. Recently, a novel pathogenic bacterium,  Streptococcus tigurinus , was identified as causative agent of infective endocarditis, spondylodiscitis and meningitis. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of  S. tigurinus  in the human oral microbial flora and analyzed its association with periodontal disease or health.    Results  We developed a diagnostic highly sensitive and specific real-time TaqMan PCR assay for detection of  S. tigurinus  in clinical samples, based on the 16S rRNA gene. We analyzed saliva samples and subgingival plaque samples of a periodontally healthy control group (n = 26) and a periodontitis group (n = 25). Overall,  S. tigurinus  was detected in 27 (53%) out of 51 patients. There is no significant difference of the frequency of  S. tigurinus  detection by RT-PCR in the saliva and dental plaque samples in the two groups: in the control group, 14 (54%) out of 26 individuals had  S. tigurinus  either in the saliva samples and/or in the plaque samples; and in the periodontitis group, 13 (52%) out of 25 patients had  S. tigurinus  in the mouth samples, respectively ( P  = 0.895). The consumption of nicotine was no determining factor.    Conclusion  Although  S. tigurinus  was a frequently detected species of the human oral microbial flora, it was not associated with periodontal disease. Further investigations are required to determine whether  S. tigurinus  is a commensal or an opportunistic oral pathogen with a potential for development of invasive infections.

Frequent detection of Streptococcus tigurinus in the human oral microbial flora by a specific 16S rRNA gene real-time TaqMan PCR