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Background  The CCCH zinc finger (zf_CCCH) is a unique subfamily featured one or more zinc finger motif(s) comprising of three Cys and one His residues. The zf_CCCH family have been reported involving in various processes of plant development and adaptation.    Results  In this study, the zf_CCCH genes were identified via a genome-wide search and were systematically analyzed. 116  Gmzf_CCCH s were obtained and classified into seventeen subfamilies. Gene duplication and expansion analysis showed that tandem and segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of the  Gmzf_CCCH  gene family, and that segmental duplication play the main role. The expression patterns of  Gmzf_CCCH  genes were tissue-specific. Eleven domesticated genes were detected involved in the regulation of seed oil and protein synthesis as well as growth and development of soybean through GWAS and haplotype analysis for  Gmzf_CCCH  genes among the 164 of 302 soybeans resequencing data. Among which, 8 genes play an important role in the synthesis of seed oil or fatty acid, and the frequency of their elite haplotypes changes significantly among wild, landrace and improved cultivars, indicating that they have been strongly selected in the process of soybean domestication.    Conclusions  This study provides a scientific foundation for the comprehensive understanding, future cloning and functional studies of  Gmzf_CCCH  genes in soybean, meanwhile, it was also helpful for the improvement of soybean with high oil content.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07787-9.

The CCCH zinc finger family of soybean (Glycine max L.): genome-wide identification, expression, domestication, GWAS and haplotype analysis