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Background  F-box proteins are substrate-recognition components of the Skp1-Rbx1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases. By selectively targeting the key regulatory proteins or enzymes for ubiquitination and 26S proteasome mediated degradation, F-box proteins play diverse roles in plant growth/development and in the responses of plants to both environmental and endogenous signals. Studies of F-box proteins from the model plant  Arabidopsis  and from many additional plant species have demonstrated that they belong to a super gene family, and function across almost all aspects of the plant life cycle. However, systematic exploration of F-box family genes in the important fiber crop cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) has not been previously performed. The genome-wide analysis of the cotton F-box gene family is now possible thanks to the completion of several cotton genome sequencing projects.    Results  In current study, we first conducted a genome-wide investigation of cotton F-box family genes by reference to the published F-box protein sequences from other plant species. 592 F-box protein encoding genes were identified in the  Gossypium hirsutume  acc.TM-1 genome and, subsequently, we were able to present their gene structures, chromosomal locations, syntenic relationships with their parent species. In addition, duplication modes analysis showed that cotton F-box genes were distributed to 26 chromosomes, with the maximum number of genes being detected on chromosome 5. Although the WGD (whole-genome duplication) mode seems play a dominant role during cotton F-box gene expansion process, other duplication modes including TD (tandem duplication), PD (proximal duplication), and TRD (transposed duplication) also contribute significantly to the evolutionary expansion of cotton F-box genes. Collectively, these bioinformatic analysis suggest possible evolutionary forces underlying F-box gene diversification. Additionally, we also conducted analyses of gene ontology, and expression profiles in silico, allowing identification of F-box gene members potentially involved in hormone signal transduction.    Conclusion  The results of this study provide first insights into the  Gossypium hirsutum  F-box gene family, which lays the foundation for future studies of functionality, particularly those involving F-box protein family members that play a role in hormone signal transduction.

Genome-wide analysis and characterization of F-box gene family in Gossypium hirsutum L