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Background  Snails species belonging to the genus  Bulinus  (Planorbidae) serve as intermediate host for flukes belonging to the genus  Schistosoma  (Digenea, Platyhelminthes). Despite its importance in the transmission of these parasites, the evolutionary history of this genus is still obscure. In the present study, we used the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene, and the nuclear ribosomal ITS, 18S and 28S genes to investigate the haplotype diversity and phylogeny of seven  Bulinus  species originating from three endemic countries in Africa (Cameroon, Senegal and Egypt).    Results  The cox1 region showed much more variation than the ribosomal markers within  Bulinus  sequences. High levels of genetic diversity were detected at all loci in the seven studied species, with clear segregation between individuals and appearance of different haplotypes, even within same species from the same locality. Sequences clustered into two lineages; (A) groups  Bulinus truncatus, B. tropicus, B. globosus  and  B. umbilicatus ; while (B) groups  B. forskalii, B. senegalensis  and  B. camerunensis . Interesting patterns emerge regarding schistosome susceptibility:  Bulinus  species with lower genetic diversity are predicted to have higher infection prevalence than those with greater diversity in host susceptibility.    Conclusion  The results reported in this study are very important since a detailed understanding of the population genetic structure of  Bulinus  is essential to understand the epidemiology of many schistosome parasites.

bmc evolutionary biology

Phylogeny of seven Bulinus species originating from endemic areas in three African countries, in relation to the human blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium