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Warfarin is widely prescribed for patients with the risk of thromboembolism around the world. The inter-individual and inter-racial differences in appropriate dosage depend highly on age, body weight, and genetic factors. A lot of studies including genome-wide association studies revealed that  vitamin K epoxide reductase complex ,  subunit 1  ( VKORC1 ) G-1639A and  Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9  A1075C are the most strong genetic factors for determining warfarin effects in Asians and Africans. Since we developed a quick and inexpensive genotyping method, polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP), the method was applied for these genotypes to examine the possibility to clinical use. Subjects were 436 examinees (117 males and 319 females, aged 32 to 85 years) who attended a health checkup program in Japan. The PCR-CTPP for  VKORC1  G-1639A and  CYP2C9  A1075C was conducted for the subjects, as well as the samples genotyped by DigiTag2 method. The allele frequencies of  VKORC1  G-1639A were 0.085 for  G  and 0.915 for  A , and those of  CYP2C9  A1075C were 0.979 for  A  and 0.021 for  C , being in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( p =  0.658 and  p =  0.514, respectively). These frequencies were similar to those reported in the HapMap project. Genotyping for both SNPs by PCR-CTPP was replicated by DigiTag2 method. Our results indicated that the PCR-CTPP could be one of the alternative methods for genotyping  VKORC1  G-1639A and  CYP2C9  A1075C for Asians and Africans with similar allele frequencies to Japanese.

A PCR method for VKORC1 G-1639A and CYP2C9 A1075C genotyping useful to warfarin therapy among Japanese