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Background  Malaria and helminth co infection are common in tropical and subtropical areas where they affect the life of millions of people. While both helminth and malaria parasites have immunomodulatory activities, little is known about the consequence of co-infections on malaria antigen specific immune responses.    Method/Design  This study will be conducted in two rural areas of the Moyen Ogooué province in Gabon, endemic for both  Plasmodium falciparum  and  Schistosoma haematobium  infections. Participants, 5 to 50 years old, will be enrolled and grouped according to their infection status.  S. haematobium  and malaria parasites will be detected, demographic and clinical data will be recorded and blood will be collected for hematological as well as for immunological assays. The level of antibody specific to  Plasmodium falciparum  blood stage and gametocyte antigens will be measured using ELISA. PBMC will be isolated for phenotyping of different T cell subsets  ex vivo  by flow cytometry and for culture and cytokine response assessment.    Discussion  We will provide a comprehensive picture of the interaction between schistosomes and malaria parasites which co-localize in peripheral blood. We will test the hypothesis that schistosome infection has an impact on specific humoral as well as on cellular immune responses to malaria antigens.

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Assessment of the effect of Schistosoma haematobium co infection on malaria parasites and immune responses in rural populations in Gabon: study protocol