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Background  Many biological factors of 2-[ 18  F]fluoro-2-deoxy- d -glucose ( 18  F-FDG) in blood can affect  18  F-FDG uptake in tumors. In this study, longitudinal  18  F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) studies were performed on tumor-bearing mice to investigate the effect of blood glucose level and tumor size on  18  F-FDG uptake in tumors.    Methods  Six- to eight-week-old severe combined immunodeficiency mice were implanted with glioblastoma U87 ( n  = 8) or adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 (MDA) ( n  = 11) in the shoulder. When the tumor diameter was approximately 2.5 mm, a 60-min dynamic  18  F-FDG PET scan was performed weekly until the tumor diameter reached 10 mm. Regions of interests were defined in major organs and tumor. A plasma curve was derived based on a modeling method that utilizes the early heart time-activity curve and a late-time blood sample. The  18  F-FDG uptake constant  K   i   was calculated using Patlak analysis on the tumors without an apparent necrotic center shown in the PET images. For each tumor type, the measured  K   i   was corrected for partial volume (PV), and multivariate regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of blood glucose level ([Glc]) and tumor growth. Corrected Akaike's information criterion was used to determine the best model.    Results  The regression model that best fit the PV-corrected  K   i   for U87 data was  K   i  /RC = (1/[Glc]) × (0.27 ± 0.027) mL/min/mL (where [Glc] is in mmol/L) ,  and for MDA, it was  K   i  /RC = (0.04 ± 0.005) mL/min/mL, where  K   i  /RC denotes the PV-corrected  K   i   using an individual recovery coefficient (RC). The results indicated that  18  F-FDG  K   i  /RC for U87 was inversely related to [Glc], while [Glc] had no effect on  18  F-FDG  K   i  /RC of MDA. After the effects of PV and [Glc] were accounted for, the data did not support any increase of  18  F-FDG  K   i   as the tumor (of either type) grew larger in size.    Conclusions  The effect of [Glc] on the tumor  18  F-FDG  K   i   was tumor-dependent. PV- and [Glc]-corrected  18  F-FDG  K   i   did not show significant increase as the tumor of either type grew in size.

Factors affecting tumor 18 F-FDG uptake in longitudinal mouse PET studies