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γδ T lymphocytes play an important role in immune reactions towards infections and malignancies. In particular, Vγ9 – Vδ1 +  T lymphocytes are thought to play protective antiviral roles in human CMV infection. Recently, Vδ1 +  T lymphocytes were proposed to also have anti- B-CLL reactivity. Here we report a case of 48-year-old man who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation for progressive B-CLL. Within one year after transplantation, lymphoma relapsed despite a dramatic increase of Vδ1 +  T cells in the patient’s blood.  In vitro  killing assays revealed activity of patient’s γδ cells against CMV target cells, but not against the relapsing lymphoma-cells. This argues for a contribution of Vδ1 +  cells in the immune reaction against CMV reactivation, but does not support a strong correlation of expanded Vδ1 +  T cells and favorable disease outcome in B-CLL patients.

experimental hematology and oncology

Donor Vδ1+ γδ T cells expand after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and show reactivity against CMV-infected cells but not against progressing B-CLL