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We examined the effects of  Prunella vulgaris  Labiatae ( P. vulgaris  L.) on specific and non-specific immune responses of Nile tilapia,  Oreochromis niloticus . The optimal concentration without toxicity of  P. vulgaris  was determined to 30-40 μg/ml  in vitro  and 120 μg/100 g of fish  in vivo. P. vulgaris  significantly elicited an antibody titer compared to FCA or β-glucan. β-glucan plus  P. vulgaris  group synergistically enhanced antibody production. No significant difference in antibody production was observed between  P. vulgaris  and  P. vulgaris  plus β-glucan group. A respiratory burst activity of head kidney (HK) leucocytes of tilapia administered with 300 or 500 μg  P. vulgaris  was significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced compared with the PBS-injected control group and FCA-treated group. Maximum increase in the NBT reduction value was observed in 500 μg  P. vulgaris  group but no significant difference was found between 300 and 500 μg  P. vulgaris  group. The level of serum lysozyme activity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the 300 and 500 μg  P. vulgaris  than 100 μg  P. vulgaris  and FCA group. The phagocytic activities of HK leucocytes from tilapia administered with 300 and 500 μg  P. vulgaris  were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 100 μg  P. vulgaris  and the control group.  P. vulgaris  was revealed with a good immunoadjuvant evoking the specific and non-specific immune responses of tilapia.

Effects of Prunella vulgaris labiatae extract on specific and non-specific immune responses in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)