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Background CaV1.4 L-type calcium channels show unique biophysical properties such as slow inactivation due to the lack of calcium-dependent inactivation (CDI). These properties make CaV1.4 channels appropriate candidates for triggering persistent glutamate release at retinal photoreceptor cell synapses. Mutations in the CACNA1F gene encoding for the CaV1.4 a1 subunit are described in patients with X-linked congenital stationary night blindness type 2 (CSNB2). Impaired transmission between rod photoreceptor cells and second-order neurons manifests as night blindness and various other visual symptoms in the affected individuals.

Biophysical characterization of CaV1.4 L-type calcium channel mutants causing congenital stationary night blindness type 2 in humans