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Background  Cases of  Mycobacterium bovis  infection South American camelids have been increasing in Great Britain. Current antemortem immunological tests have some limitations. Cases at post mortem examination frequently show extensive pathology. The feasibility of detecting  Mycobacterium bovis  DNA in clinical samples was investigated.    Findings  A sensitive extraction methodology was developed and used on nasal swabs and faeces taken post-mortem to assess the potential for a PCR test to detect  Mycobacterium bovis  in clinical samples. The gross pathology of the studied South American camelids was scored and a significantly greater proportion of South American camelids with more severe pathology were positive in both the nasal swab and faecal PCR tests. A combination of the nasal swab and faecal PCR tests detected 63.9% of all the South American camelids with pathology that were tested.    Conclusions  The results suggest that antemortem diagnosis of  Mycobacterium bovis  in South American camelids may be possible using a PCR test on clinical samples, however more work is required to determine sensitivity and specificity, and the practicalities of applying the test in the field.

A proof of concept study to assess the potential of PCR testing to detect natural Mycobacterium bovis infection in South American camelids