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Background  The  in vivo  infectious clone of  Turnip mosaic virus  (TuMV), p35S-TuMV, was used on plant pathology research for many years. To activate p35S-TuMV, the plasmid was mechanically introduced to the local lesion host  Chenopodium quinoa . However, low infectivity occurred when the TuMV from  C. quinoa  was transferred to the systemic host  Nicotiana benthamiana .    Results  To increase the efficiency of initial infectivity on  N. benthamiana , the expression of the TuMV infectious clone by a binary vector that directly activates viral RNA through agro-infiltration is considered to be a good alternative. The size of the binary vector by agro-infiltration is usually large and its backbone has numerous restriction sites that increase difficulty for construction. In this study, we attempted to construct a mini binary vector (pBD003) with less restriction sites. The full-length cDNA of TuMV genome, with or without green fluorescence protein, was inserted in pBD003 to generate pBD-TuMV constructs, which were then individually introduced to  N. benthamiana  plants by agro-infiltration. Symptom development and ELISA positivity with TuMV antiserum indicated that the pBD-TuMV constructs are infectious. Moreover, the initial infectivity of a mild strain TuMV-GK, which contains an R 182 K mutation on HC-Pro, constructed in the pBD003 vector was significantly increased by agro-infiltration.    Conclusion  Thus, we concluded that the newly constructed mini binary vector provides a more feasible tool for TuMV researches in areas, such as creating a mild strain for cross-protection, or a viral vector for foreign gene expression. In addition, the multiple cloning sites will be further cloned in pBD003 for convenience in constructing other viral infectious clones.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-54-22) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Improving initial infectivity of the Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infectious clone by an mini binary vector via agro-infiltration