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Background  Plant growth regulators play important roles in plant growth and development, but little is known about roles of plant growth regulators in yield, grain qualities and antioxidant enzyme activities in super hybrid rice. In this study, gibberellic acid(GA3), paclobutrazol (PBZ), 6-Benzylaminopurine(6-BA) treatments and distilled water (control) were sprayed to two hybrid rice cultivars ( Peizataifeng  and  Huayou 86 ) at the heading stage in the field experiments in both early and late season in 2007. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. Cultivars treatments with two newly developed super hybrid rice  Peizataifeng  and  Huayou86  were the main plots and plant growth regulators treatments were the subplots. Subplot treatments included (1) plots sprayed with distilled water(CK), (2) plots sprayed with 20 mg L -1  GA3 prepared using 95% ethanol as surfactant(GA3), (3) plots sprayed with 50 mg L -1  PBZ(PBZ), (4) plots sprayed with 30 mg L -1  6-BA(6-BA).    Results  Spraying PBZ with 50 mg L -1  or 6-BA with 30 mg L -1  at the heading stage could increase the number of spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate and grain yields in  Peizataifeng  and  Huayou86  in both seasons. PBZ treatment also significantly improved head rice rate and amylose content in  Peizataifeng  and  Huayou86  in early season. Furthermore, it was observed that spraying PBZ or 6-BA could increase super oxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, decrease accumulation of malendialdehyde (MDA) in flag leaves at the late growth stage.    Conclusions  Application of PBZ or 6-BA partially alleviated the detrimental effects of rice senescence by modulating the activity of enzymatic antioxidants, and improving antioxidant system, which helped in sustaining plant growth. Therefore, spraying PBZ with 50 mg L -1  or 6-BA with 30 mg L -1  at the heading stage could increase grain yields and improve grain qualities in the two super hybrid rice.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1939-8433-6-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Roles of plant growth regulators on yield, grain qualities and antioxidant enzyme activities in super hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)