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Background  Recent studies have shown that the recently identified organism  Candida dubliniensis  is less pathogenic than the more common  Candida albicans . Due to its rare nature,  C. dubliniensis  has been previously reported as the causative organism in endophthalmitis in only three cases. We undertook a multicenter, retrospective, consecutive case series to describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients with culture-proven  C. dubliniensis  endophthalmitis. Medical records were reviewed for all patients with  C. dubliniensis  endophthalmitis on vitreous/aqueous cultures from June 1998 to June 2013 from all public hospitals throughout Queensland, Australia.    Results  Six eyes from five patients were identified - four males and one female aged from 21 to 55 years (mean 37 years). Four patients were intravenous drug users and four patients had hepatitis C. All five patients were treated with systemic antifungal therapy and intravitreal antifungal injections, and all required vitrectomy. Two eyes developed retinal detachment over the course of the endophthalmitis. Five eyes had visual outcomes of 20/60 or better, and one eye had a poor outcome with final visual acuity of hand movements only. There was no associated mortality, and no infected eyes required enucleation or evisceration.    Conclusions   C. dubliniensis  endophthalmitis is a rare condition which occurs mainly in intravenous drug users and can occur in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Unlike  C. albicans  endophthalmitis,  C. dubliniensis  endophthalmitis has reasonable visual outcomes and does not appear to be associated with high mortality.

Candida dubliniensis endophthalmitis: five cases over 15 years